Guaiazulene(愈创奥) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, mainly oil of guaiac and chamomile oil, which also serve as its commercial sources.

Thioctic acid ((±)-α-硫辛酸) is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form.

R(+)-α-lipoic acid(R-(+)-硫辛酸), a physiological form of thioctic acid, is a strong antioxidant that relieves diabetic neuropathic symptoms. It shows superior antioxidative effects to its racemate.

α-santonin(蛔蒿素), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, is a potent antiparasitic agent.

Sennoside B(番泻苷B), a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, inhibits PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation.

Sennoside A(番泻苷A), a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, causes purgative actions in the intestine.

DeoxyArbutin(脱氧熊果苷) is a reversible tyrosinase inhibitor, inhibiting tyrosinase activity with IC50 of 50 nM.

Doxofylline(多索茶碱) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and a xanthine derivative drug for asthma.